Introducing a level-set based shape and topology optimization method for the wear of composite materials with geometric constraints

The wear of materials continues to be a limiting factor in the lifetime and performance of mechanical systems with sliding surfaces. As the demand for low wear materials grows so does the need for models and methods to systematically optimize tribological systems. Elastic foundation models offer a simplified framework to study the wear of multimaterial composites subject to abrasive sliding. Previously, the evolving wear profile has been shown to converge to a steadystate that is characterized by a time-independent elliptic equation. In this article, the steady-state formulation is generalized and integrated with shape optimization to improve the wear performance of bi-material composites. Both macroscopic structures and periodic material microstructures are considered. Several common tribological objectives for systems undergoing wear are identified and mathematically formalized with shape derivatives. These include (i) achieving a planar wear surface from multimaterial composites and (ii) minimizing the run-in volume of material lost before steady-state wear is achieved. A level-set based topology optimization algorithm that incorporates a novel constraint on the level-set function is presented. In particular, a new scheme is developed to update material interfaces; the scheme (i) conveniently enforces volume constraints at each iteration, (ii) F. Feppon École polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France E-mail: [email protected] G. Michailidis SIMaP-Université de Grenoble, INPG, 3800 Grenoble, France M.A. Sidebottom Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem PA, USA G. Allaire CMAP, École polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7641, 91128 Palaiseau, France B.A. Krick Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem PA, USA N. Vermaak Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem PA, USA